Individual-level determinants of waterpipe smoking demand in four Eastern-Mediterranean countries
Document Type
Article
Source of Publication
Health Promotion International
Publication Date
12-1-2019
Abstract
© 2018 The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking in the Eastern Mediterranean Region is at alarmingly high levels, especially among young people. The objective of this research was to evaluate the preferences of young adult waterpipe smokers with respect to potential individual-level determinants of waterpipe smoking using discrete choice experiment methodology. Participants were young adult university students (18-29 years) who were ever waterpipe smokers, recruited from universities across four Eastern Mediterranean countries: Jordan, Oman, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates. The Internet-based discrete choice experiment, with 6 × 3 × 2 block design, evaluated preferences for choices of waterpipe smoking sessions, presented on hypothetical waterpipe café menus. Participants evaluated nine choice sets, each with five fruit-flavored options, a tobacco flavored option (non-flavored), and an opt-out option. Choices also varied based on nicotine content (0.0% vs. 0.05% vs. 0.5%) and price (low vs. high). Participants were randomized to receive menus with either a pictorial + text health-warning message or no message (between-subjects attribute). Multinomial logit regression models evaluated the influence of these attributes on waterpipe smoking choices. Across all four samples (n = 1859), participants preferred fruit-flavored varieties to tobacco flavor, lower nicotine content and lower prices. Exposure to the health warning did not significantly predict likelihood to opt-out. Flavor accounted for 81.4% of waterpipe smoking decisions. Limiting the use of fruit flavors in waterpipe tobacco, in addition to accurate nicotine content labeling and higher pricing may be effective at curbing the demand for waterpipe smoking among young adults.
DOI Link
ISSN
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Volume
34
Issue
6
First Page
1157
Last Page
1166
Disciplines
Life Sciences
Keywords
discrete choice experiment, hookah, shisha, waterpipe
Scopus ID
Recommended Citation
Salloum, Ramzi G.; Nakkash, Rima; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E.; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Darawad, Muhammad W.; Kheirallah, Khalid A.; Al-Farsi, Yahya; Yusufali, Afzalhussein; Thomas, Justin; Mostafa, Aya; Salama, Mohamed; El Kadi, Lama; Alzyoud, Sukaina; Al-Sheyab, Nihaya; and Thrasher, James F., "Individual-level determinants of waterpipe smoking demand in four Eastern-Mediterranean countries" (2019). All Works. 2003.
https://zuscholars.zu.ac.ae/works/2003
Indexed in Scopus
yes
Open Access
no