Men as cultural ideals: Cultural values moderate gender stereotype content

Document Type

Article

Source of Publication

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Publication Date

1-1-2015

Abstract

© 2015 American Psychological Association. Four studies tested whether cultural values moderate the content of gender stereotypes, such that male stereotypes more closely align with core cultural values (specifically, individualism vs. collectivism) than do female stereotypes. In Studies 1 and 2, using different measures, Americans rated men as less collectivistic than women, whereas Koreans rated men as more collectivistic than women. In Study 3, bicultural Korean Americans who completed a survey in English about American targets rated men as less collectivistic than women, whereas those who completed the survey in Korean about Korean targets did not, demonstrating how cultural frames influence gender stereotype content. Study 4 established generalizability by reanalyzing Williams and Best's (1990) cross-national gender stereotype data across 26 nations. National individualism- collectivism scores predicted viewing collectivistic traits as more- and individualistic traits as less-stereotypically masculine. Taken together, these data offer support for the cultural moderation of gender stereotypes hypothesis, qualifying past conclusions about the universality of gender stereotype content.

ISSN

0022-3514

Publisher

American Psychological Association Inc.

Volume

109

Issue

4

First Page

622

Last Page

635

Disciplines

Social and Behavioral Sciences

Keywords

Collectivism, Culture, Gender stereotypes, Individualism, Stereotype content

Scopus ID

84942540729

Indexed in Scopus

yes

Open Access

yes

Open Access Type

Green: A manuscript of this publication is openly available in a repository

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