Protein-energy wasting and nutritional supplementation in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis
ORCID Identifiers
Document Type
Article
Source of Publication
Clinical Nutrition
Publication Date
6-1-2017
Abstract
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Background & aims Protein-Energy Wasting (PEW) is the depletion of protein/energy stores observed in the most advanced stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). PEW is highly prevalent among patients on chronic dialysis, and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, high morbidity/mortality rates and increased healthcare costs. This narrative review was aimed at exploring the pathophysiology of PEW in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. The main aspects of nutritional status evaluation, intervention and monitoring in this clinical setting were described, as well as the current approaches for the prevention and treatment of ESRD-related PEW. Methods An exhaustive literature search was performed, in order to identify the relevant studies describing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, nutritional intervention and outcome of PEW in ESRD on hemodialysis. Results and conclusion The pathogenesis of PEW is multifactorial. Loss of appetite, reduced intake of nutrients and altered lean body mass anabolism/catabolism play a key role. Nutritional approach to PEW should be based on a careful and periodic assessment of nutritional status and on timely dietary counseling. When protein and energy intakes are reduced, nutritional supplementation by means of specific oral formulations administered during the hemodialysis session may be the first-step intervention, and represents a valid nutritional approach to PEW prevention and treatment since it is easy, effective and safe. Omega-3 fatty acids and fibers, now included in commercially available preparations for renal patients, could lend relevant added value to macronutrient supplementation. When oral supplementation fails, intradialytic parenteral nutrition can be implemented in selected patients.
DOI Link
ISSN
Publisher
Churchill Livingstone
Volume
36
Issue
3
First Page
663
Last Page
671
Disciplines
Life Sciences
Keywords
Chronic kidney disease, Hemodialysis, Nutrients, Nutritional status, Protein-energy wasting
Scopus ID
Recommended Citation
Sabatino, A.; Regolisti, G.; Karupaiah, T.; Sahathevan, S.; Sadu Singh, B. K.; Khor, B. H.; Salhab, N.; Karavetian, M.; Cupisti, A.; and Fiaccadori, E., "Protein-energy wasting and nutritional supplementation in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis" (2017). All Works. 2836.
https://zuscholars.zu.ac.ae/works/2836
Indexed in Scopus
yes
Open Access
no