Document Type

Article

Source of Publication

Vascular Health and Risk Management

Publication Date

1-1-2024

Abstract

Background: Hypertension and anemia are major health problems globally. However, data regarding the association between hypertension and hemoglobin/anemia among adults are few and controversial. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the associations between hemoglobin/anemia and hypertension among Sudanese adults. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Northern Sudan from September to December 2022. The participants’ sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using a questionnaire. Standardized procedures measured participants’ weight, height, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, and hypertension. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the association between anemia and hypertension. Results: Three hundred eighty-four adults were enrolled; 195 (50.8%) and 189 (49.2%) were males and females, respectively. The median interquartile age of the enrolled adults of age, BMI, and hemoglobin level was 45.0 (33.0-55.8) years, 26.6 (22.6-30.6) kg/m2, and 13.4 (12.4-14.4) g/dl, respectively. Of 384 adults, 216 (56.3%) had hypertension, and 148 (38.5%) were newly diagnosed hypertensive. Eighty-six adults (22.4%) had anemia. In univariate analysis, while increasing age, being female, being unmarried, having a positive family history of hypertension, and increasing BMI were positively associated with hypertension, anemia was inversely associated with hypertension. Education, occupation, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption were not associated with hypertension. In multivariate analysis, age (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.07), BMI (AOR= 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03-1.12) were inversely associated with hypertension, being female (AOR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.43-5.94), positive family history of hypertension (AOR= 1.73, 95% CI = 1.09-2.75), and hemoglobin level (AOR= 1.34, 95% CI = 1.12-1.61) were associated with hypertension. Anemia (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.34-0.99) was inversely associated with hypertension. Conclusion: Both anemia and hypertension are major public health problems in Northern Sudan. Anemia is associated with hypertension. Further research is needed to explore the complex association between hemoglobinanemia and hypertension.

ISSN

1176-6344

Publisher

Informa UK Limited

Volume

20

First Page

323

Last Page

331

Disciplines

Medicine and Health Sciences

Keywords

age, anemia, body mass index, female, hemoglobin, hypertension, Sudan

Scopus ID

85199936154

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 License

Indexed in Scopus

yes

Open Access

yes

Open Access Type

Gold: This publication is openly available in an open access journal/series

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