Enhanced carbon dioxide mineralization of industrial alkaline wastes through date palm waste-derived activated biochar

Document Type

Article

Source of Publication

Journal of Environmental Management

Publication Date

11-1-2025

Abstract

This study presents a sustainable approach for synthesizing activated biochar (BC) from date palm waste and enhancing its carbon dioxide (CO2) capture capacity through integration with industrial alkaline waste, particularly ladle furnace slag (AW-LF). BC was produced via pyrolysis at 450 °C, 600 °C, and 750 °C and chemically activated using potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The materials were tested under CO2 gas flow (10 % CO2, 0.6 L/min, 1–2 bar, 22–25 °C) using a fluidized bed reactor. The highest CO2 capture capacity reached 0.94 mmol/g with H2O2-modified BC at a 10 % BC-to-AW-LF ratio. The cumulative CO2 uptake reached a maximum of 13.4 mol/L with K2CO3-activated BC, demonstrating approximately a 380 % increase compared to the performance of unmodified AW-LF slag. Kinetic analysis confirmed the modified Avrami model as the best fit (R2 > 0.99), with the highest rate constant (Kma = 0.0118) observed for H2O2-treated samples. The findings were validated through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), confirming stable CaCO3 formation and enhanced porosity. Preliminary TGA results suggest up to 8 % weight loss due to CO2 binding, confirming carbonation. The developed adsorbent is cost-effective, scalable, and derived from abundant agricultural and industrial wastes, supporting the circular economy and low-carbon technologies. A preliminary economic assessment estimated the cost of producing 100 g of hydrogen peroxide-modified BC at 6.6 AED (∼1.80 USD), highlighting its feasibility for large-scale applications.

ISSN

0301-4797

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Volume

394

Disciplines

Engineering

Keywords

Activated biochar, Carbon dioxide capture, Carbonation kinetics, Chemical activation, Date palm waste, Industrial alkaline waste

Scopus ID

105015959640

Indexed in Scopus

yes

Open Access

no

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