Constructing the Padmanabhan Holographic Model in a BIonic System

Document Type

Article

Source of Publication

International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Publication Date

2-1-2026

Abstract

Recently, Padmanabhan has argued that a difference between the number of degrees of freedom on the surface and the number in a bulk causes the expansion of the universe. We can reconsider this idea in a BIon system. A Bion is formed from two branes that are connected by a wormhole. Our universe may live on one of these branes. Each brane could be formed from joining lower-dimensional branes like D1 ones. By joining D1 branes, a Dn brane is formed, and some amounts of energy are released. Then, maybe some dimensions are compacted, and some other amount of energy is released. These energies cause a significant difference between the number of degrees of freedom on the surface and in the bulk of branes. This causes the evolution of the universe and many changes in thermodynamic parameters like the entropy and cosmic parameters like the Hubble constant. We obtain the standard form of the Hubble parameter and its dependency on redshift in a Bion system.

ISSN

0020-7748

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Volume

65

Issue

2

Disciplines

Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Keywords

Brane universe, Extra dimensions, Hubble parameter

Scopus ID

105028385445

Indexed in Scopus

yes

Open Access

no

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