Diving into recession: the collective knowledge of online users as an early warning system for recessionary expectations

Document Type

Article

Source of Publication

Information and Management

Publication Date

1-1-2026

Abstract

As concerns about economic downturns manifest in online discussions, we investigate whether sentiment extracted from social media can serve as an early warning signal for recessionary pressures. Using a dataset of Twitter (X) posts related to economic prospects, we apply a range of sentiment analysis techniques, including a lexicon and rule-based method (VADER) and deep learning approaches (GPT and BERT). We assess the relationship between online sentiment and key recession indicators, such as the yield curve and GDPNow forecasts, using a combination of econometric and machine learning methods. In addition, we perform a comparative evaluation of sentiment classification techniques, incorporating both traditional models and deep learning architectures. Our results confirm that Twitter discussions precede changes in recessionary indicators and can thus provide forward-looking insights into economic sentiment. Furthermore, the comparative analysis reveals variations in sentiment detection across different methodologies, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate approaches in economic forecasting.

ISSN

0378-7206

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Volume

63

Issue

1

Disciplines

Business | Computer Sciences

Keywords

Machine learning, Natural language processing, Recession, Sentiment analysis, Social media, Yield curve

Scopus ID

105015563853

Indexed in Scopus

yes

Open Access

no

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