Empirically Evaluating the Accessibility of a PoN-Enable Feature Diagrams Notation by the Red-Green Colorblind Community
Document Type
Conference Proceeding
Source of Publication
International Conference on Model-Based Software and Systems Engineering
Publication Date
1-1-2026
Abstract
In 2016, an enhanced version of a feature diagram notation developed using the Physics of Notations (PoN) framework was introduced. Empirical evidence demonstrated that this revised notation was more cognitively effective than the original. However, the new notation relies on color, specifically red, which poses accessibility challenges for individuals with red–green color vision deficiency, as they cannot perceive the notation as originally intended. Consequently, the cognitive effectiveness of a red–green–deficient (RGD) version of the new notation relative to the original notation remained unknown. Although the PoN framework specifies several principles that may be satisfied with or without the use of color, it is unclear whether the absence of color would sufficiently hinder comprehension to diminish the cognitive advantage of the PoN-enabled feature diagram notation. It was also possible that the original notation might prove more cognitively effective for users with red–green c olor blindness. To investigate this, an empirical study involving 37 Information Technology professionals was conducted to evaluate the cognitive effectiveness of the RGD version of the PoN-enabled feature diagrams notation in comparison to the original notation. The experimental data were analyzed to identify any statistically significant differences. Both quantitative and qualitative results indicate that the RGD version of the PoN-enabled notation retains its cognitive effectiveness advantage over the original notation. The findings further reveal a division among participants regarding the aesthetic appeal of the two notations. Overall, adherence to the full set of PoN principles enabled the revised notation to maintain its cognitive effectiveness superiority despite the reduced use of color.
DOI Link
Publisher
SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications
Disciplines
Computer Sciences
Keywords
Computer science (0.66), Feature (linguistics) (0.58), Notation (0.49), Artificial intelligence (0.44), Natural language processing (0.38), Field (mathematics) (0.36), Focus (optics) (0.29), Matching (statistics) (0.29), Set (abstract data type) (0.27), Semantics (computer science) (0.25), Interpretation (philosophy) (0.25)
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
Recommended Citation
El-Attar, Mohamed; Kohail, Sarah; and Grati, Rima, "Empirically Evaluating the Accessibility of a PoN-Enable Feature Diagrams Notation by the Red-Green Colorblind Community" (2026). All Works. 7997.
https://zuscholars.zu.ac.ae/works/7997
Indexed in Scopus
no
Open Access
yes
Open Access Type
Gold: This publication is openly available in an open access journal/series