Developing and Validating the GenAI Reliance Scale in Business Practices

Document Type

Article

Source of Publication

International Journal of Human Computer Interaction

Publication Date

7-9-2026

Abstract

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools are increasingly embedded in professional workflows, raising important questions about user reliance. Unlike adoption, reliance captures the extent to which individuals defer to and integrate GenAI outputs into task execution. Drawing on the Theory of Technology Dominance and its extension (TTD2), this study develops and validates the GenAI Reliance Scale as a multidimensional construct comprising task expertise, task complexity, system familiarity, and cognitive congruence. Scale development followed four stages: qualitative exploration and item generation, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and nomological validation through structural equation modeling. Findings demonstrate strong reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and significant predictive relationships with computer self-efficacy and task performance. The validated scale offers a rigorous tool for advancing human–AI collaboration research and provides organizations with a diagnostic framework for assessing GenAI reliance across tasks and user conditions.

ISSN

1044-7318

Publisher

Informa UK Limited

Disciplines

Business

Keywords

human–AI interaction, Reliance, scale development, theory of technology dominance (TTD), TTD2

Scopus ID

105044247751

Indexed in Scopus

yes

Open Access

no

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